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Abstract
Olive belong
to the order of Ligustrals, the Oleaceae family, and two sub species,
Oleaster (wild olive tree) and Sativa (olive).Commercial olive belong
to species Olea Europes. One of about 20 species of Olea. found in
tropical and sub-tropical regions of the World. Only Olea Europaea
produces edible fruit.
Varieties
found in Pakistan are: Souri, Mordiolo, Rozzo-O-Frantoea, Morinello,
Ascolano, Mission, Savillano, Namzanillo, Barouni, Syrian, Shimbalu,
Cakir, Aysalik, Ammir, Erkenee, Memeli, Ammel, Manje, Walait and Dunda.
Most varieties are self-sterile. Olive slow
growing, over green, plant is sub-tropical. It can not stand extremes
of sold or heat, but it found in temperate-hot climate and
Mediterranean countries. Tree produces fruit after 6-10 years, It is
grown at an elevation of 2,000 to 3,000 feet.
Tree life span
is 50 years. In arid and coastal area it becomes an alternative
bearing. The variety manzanilla large fruit with low growth habit
variety. Mission have small fruit but high oil content with varieties
Forestiera Neo-Mexicana are dwarf variety. Pakistan uses wild Olive (Olea
cuspidata) as seedling and is grown 25-30 feet apart with inter feet.
Some times it attain height of 40-60 feet. About 0.80 to 1.20 meter is
an ideal height of the tree. The plant used as wind break and
afforestation. In Pakistan it is grown in Kashmir, Fortsandeman,
Peshwar, Swat, Rawalpindi, (Saran, Gari, chattar) Kheri, Murat (Cambellpur,
Sekasar (Sargodha) and Rakh Ghonda (Jhelum district).
It is also
grown in Syria, Greece, Egypt, Namabia, Ethopia. Olive grown in
Algeria, Angola, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Afghanistan, china,
Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanonh, Turkey, Albania, France, Italy,
Malta, Portugal, Spain, Yugoslavia and Australia. It also found in
Asia, Europe and North Africa.
Normally 70-150 trees/hectare
are grown. Olives can be presented in many styles like, whole, pitted,
stuffed, halved, quartered slices, chopped or minced, live paste and
olive salad. |
